Project 1
Student id: p22
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<DOC>
<docHead>
<!--required header includes metadata about the assignment (title, author, version)-->
<title>Producing Annotated Bibliographies, a Problem-Seeking Project</title>
<author xml:id="p22">Matt Parlon</author>
<version n="6" date="2016-07-12"/>
<!--note that the date must be YYYY-MM-DD for the document to be valid-->
</docHead>
<annotated_bib>
<problem_stmt> Northeastern University advertises itself as one of the most “green” schools
in the country. Meanwhile, this school continues to utilize energy produced at fossil
fuel burning facilities. I plan to explore the major arguments against fossil fuels
burning energy generation facilities while providing an economical alternative. The
argument against burning fossil fuels for energy production is to include the unfair
burden of the externalities associated with the electricity we all benefit from as well
as the continuation of the cyclical expansion of income inequality. While providing a
healthy alternative, I will utilize incentives brought to light by various solar
developers. Northeastern University, as an institution of higher learning has a
responsibility to show Boston how we can help those less fortunate than us. Not only
will running Northeastern University, at least partially, off of solar energy save
money, it will help to combat the stigma that for each environmental gain, there is an
equal and opposite economic loss. <!--problem statement here-->
</problem_stmt>
<citation style="APA">
<author> World Health Organization</author>. (2014, March 25). <title> 7 million
premature deaths annually linked to air pollution </title>. Retrieved from
<ref>http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/</ref>
</citation>
<annotation>
<background type="author"> The World Health Organization was established in 1948 and is
now the leading international source of public health information.
<!-- can include <q> element(s) for quoted material -->
</background>
<background type="source"> This particular piece by the WHO is valuable to many as it is
an update to a previous, popular study on the health effects associated with air
pollution. </background>
<summary type="approach"> While this article remains broad in the exact location of its
studies, it uses advanced technological tools such as <q>satellite data,
ground-level monitoring measurements and data on pollution emissions from key
sources</q> to pinpoint the dispersion of airborne pollutants.
<!-- can include <q> element(s) for quoted material -->
</summary>
<summary type="general"> This update to a study conducted in 2012 on the relationship
between air pollutants and various diseases shows that the current situation is
worse than previously thought. In particular, this study outlines how the most
voulnerable<note type="instructor">vulnerable</note> groups to air pollution, children and the elderly, are the most exposed
to it due to their more stagnant lifestyle. </summary>
<summary type="interpretation"> While the statistics in this study generally speak for
themselves, it is worth pointing out that the sources of the pollutants do not
effect all people equally. For this reason, it is important to understand the actual
externality dispersion so that our portions of the burden are put into perspective. </summary>
<relevance type="application"> There are many application of this article. First and
foremost, it is to be used to set the groundwork for any argument regarding public
health as it related to air pollution. No argument can be formed without first
establishing the concrete relationship between airbourne pollutants and public
health issues. </relevance>
<relevance type="value_stmt"> The fact that this article represents an update to a study
should only provide more reader confidence in the World Health Organization.
Although the original statement made in 2012 had to be updated, the fact that they
are on an ever expanding search for information makes their input paramount to any
legitimate claim on the current state of worldwide air quality.</relevance><note type="instructor">really excellent annotation here</note>
</annotation>
<citation style="APA">
<author>Israel, B. </author> (2012, November 16). <title> Coal plants smothering
communities of color, report finds </title>. <author>The Daily Climate </author>.
Retrieved from
<ref>http://www.dailyclimate.org/tdc-newsroom/2012/11/coal-power-injustice</ref>
</citation>
<annotation>
<background type="author"> The Daily Climate was founded in 2007 and has, to this day,
provided readers with a one-stop media outlet that aggregates all climate change
news in simple language. <!-- can include <q> element(s) for quoted material -->
</background>
<background type="source"> This article explores the communities most affected by the
pollutants put into the air by coal-fired power plants. </background>
<summary type="approach"> In this piece, The Daily Climate breaks down a report
conducted by the NAACP that focused on the communities surrounding all 378 coal
fired power plants in the United States of America in 2012.
<!-- can include <q> element(s) for quoted material -->
</summary>
<summary type="general"> The report focused heavily on the layout of minorities and
people of color within three miles of the coal-fired power plants. </summary>
<summary type="interpretation"> Although there was a slight correlation found between
minorities and vicinity to these plants, the stronger relationship can be found
between poverty-stricken communities and vicinity to these plants. These people who
are the least able to afford medical care are the most exposed to airborne health
dangers. </summary>
<relevance type="application"> Facts stated by this article must be taken into
consideration by anyone evaluating the demographics associated with diseases related
to air pollution. </relevance>
<relevance type="value_stmt"> Although the study evaluated by this piece was racially
driven, the numbers associated with it can be utilized to obtain conclusions not
explicitly stated by The Daily Climate. </relevance>
</annotation>
<citation style="APA">
<author>Wilson, J.</author> (2015, May 31). <title> Why cities make people stupid: Air
pollution significantly reduces children's IQ, study finds </title>
<author>. Natural News. </author> Retrieved from
<ref>http://www.naturalnews.com/049903_air_pollution_city_life_intelligence.html</ref>
</citation>
<annotation>
<background type="author"> Natural News is a media outlet focused on the quality of life
people are achieving and how it is related to manmade changed in their
environment.<!-- can include <q> element(s) for quoted material -->
</background>
<background type="source"> In 2015, Natural News published this article relaying the
findings of a study conducted by Colombia University on the mental effects of air
pollution on young children. </background>
<summary type="approach"> This article points to several examples of decreased IQs in
groups that were subject to increased exposure to air pollutants during their
primary developmental stages of life.
<!-- can include <q> element(s) for quoted material -->
</summary>
<summary type="general"> Generally speaking, this article only points out that, of the
groups studied, there was a linear relationship found between ones exposure to air
pollutants in their early stages of life and their IQ later in life. There was,
however, no explicit proof of causation. </summary>
<summary type="interpretation"> The unfortunate truth that this article outlines is that
we outsource the externalities of energy generation so that the wealthy can utilize
the benefits without having to endure any of the downsides. </summary>
<relevance type="application"> This piece is the final building block to the argument
that the cycle of wealth inequality is being continued by the forced exposure to
pollutants that would decrease ones ability to gain the means to escape said
situation. </relevance>
<relevance type="value_stmt"> While this cannot be used to prove direct causation, it
will be helpful to point out the correlation between decreased developmental yields
in children and their levels of exposure to pollutants in the air. </relevance>
</annotation>
<citation style="APA">
<author>BlueWave Capital.</author> (2016, January 21). <title>BlueWave, Partners with
Massachusetts’ Avidia Bank to Deliver Premium Home Solar Loan Product</title> .
Retrieved from <ref>http://bluewave-capital.com/?p=2742</ref>
</citation>
<annotation>
<background type="author"> BlueWave Capital is a solar developer based in Boston founded
by John DeVillars. Mr. DeVillars has been a lifelong advocate for environmental
protection.<!-- can include <q> element(s) for quoted material -->
</background>
<background type="source"> BlueWave published this article themselves and can therefore
be held accountable for all economic claims made within it. </background>
<summary type="approach"> This source makes clear the economic benefit behind solar
energy that is currently available in Massachusetts. BlueWave was sure to mention
<q>the launch of its Home Solar Loan, a product that offers residents the
opportunity to reduce their electricity bills by up to 50%+ with a rooftop solar
installation</q>. <!-- can include <q> element(s) for quoted material -->
</summary>
<summary type="general"> By installing solar on one’s roof, one may reduce their yearly
electricity bill greatly. BlueWave also offers a community Solar program that allows
people to purchase their electricity from a large scale solar array at a discount of
approximately 10%. </summary>
<summary type="interpretation"> This article makes clear that utilizing renewable energy
sources does not necessarily require a large investment. In other terms, economic
and environmental benefits do not have an inverse correlation. </summary>
<relevance type="application"> By observing the economic benefits associated with solar
energy, the argument for local fossil fuels benefiting the American economy can be
disregarded. </relevance>
<relevance type="value_stmt"> BlueWave does not put out press releases without
completion of their objective. For this reason, all sources from their site can be
useful tools when looking for examples of economic viability in green energy.
</relevance>
</annotation>
<citation style="APA">
<author>SunEdison </author> .(2016, March 22). <title> Why Solar Works for
Colleges</title> . Retrieved from
<ref>http://www.sunedison.com/blog/why-solar-works-colleges</ref>
</citation>
<annotation>
<background type="author"> SunEdison is a solar developer that has been in business
since the beginning of the solar boom. They have been through many ups and downs as
a company but their experience cannot be overstated.
<!-- can include <q> element(s) for quoted material -->
</background>
<background type="source"> This piece found on SunEdison’s blog takes the lessons
learned from past experience and takes out case-specific events to generate the
overarching benefits solar has to college campuses. </background>
<summary type="general"> SunEdison primarily focuses on the social and economic
incentives to adopt solar as a university. They outline how young adults are getting
more and more interested in renewable energy and sustainability. </summary>
<summary type="interpretation"> By providing a school with a means to incur increased
applications, SunEdison has appealed to schools capitalistic side, which is normally
the most difficult and important aspect of persuasion in the solar market. </summary>
<relevance type="application"> As far as convincing Northeastern to accept this proposed
change, this source should prove vital in the explanation of an all-encompassing
approach. </relevance>
</annotation>
</annotated_bib>
<docReview>
<reviewer type="instructor" xml:id="kgs"/>
<report type="instructor" resp="#kgs">
<p>This is a model annotated bibliography, particularly in the depth and scope of your annotations. While it was not required to use all @type attributes for each element, I think your extensive use of them really highlights the analytical work we undertook in the creation of the schema--it works to your advantage here. Your problem statement is clear and your choice of sources is appropriate both topically and methodologically; it is clear to me how this research informs a specific approach to the problem you outline. Nice work.</p>
</report>
</docReview>
</DOC>